PHD3
PHD3 is a HIF prolyl hydroxylase that regulates HIF-1 protein levels in mammalian cells. HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylases mainly include PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3. These three enzymes have sequence-similar catalytic domains and conserve amino acid residues for coordinating Fe(II) ions. Under hypoxic conditions, due to insufficient oxygen supply, the hydroxylase activity of PHD3 decreases, leading to HIF-1α accumulation and inducing the expression of HRE-regulated target genes. Therefore, PHD is considered an intracellular oxygen sensor. PHD3 is expressed at the highest level in the heart.
